The War Of The American Revolution - 2351 Words

The events that led up to the American Revolution war were not big events but a series of small events when compounded together each created the catalyst to launch the colonists into revolt. The first of the events to create the spiral effect was the seven year war or the French and Indian War. That war was fought by British soldiers on several different continents. The biggest location was fought in the British colonies of North America. The British government wanted to expand their territory. They wanted to continue to grow the colonies from the original thirteen by conquering more land further west. The British government felt as if they were fighting this war against the Indians and the French to expand the land specifically for the†¦show more content†¦The Stamp Act, which placed a tax on a product that came into the colonies, was one of the events that were a catalyst in the revolution. Thus began to be dissension among the colonists. Colonist began to distrust the loyalist, British subjects that were in colonies governing over the colonist. . At the same time line as the Stamp Act , the tax act of 1773 was placed, which stated that there was a tariff placed on any goods sold out of the North American colonies. This tax then made the products that the colonists made to trade less competitive to the rest of the world because there was a fee attached to purchasing them. Of course the fee was paid to the British government. Once the British government implemented the Tax Act and the Stamp Act they needed individuals to collect those funds and manage them so they sent Royal British subjects to act as administrators in the colonies this infuriated the colonists The colonists begin to see themselves as separate. They wanted to have an identity different than Britain. They saw that the land they lived on was different, abundant with natural resources and the colonists felt that Britain couldn’t continue to provide the leadership they were lo oking for. British subjects and the colonists were of a difference of agreement in the need for slave labor. If the Colonists were to stay underneath of British rule slave labor would be outlawed because Britain had already outlawed it on mainland

Psychology and Impact Personality Development - 1997 Words

1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality * Is a unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave * Is shaped by biological, situational, and mental processes in a sociocultural and development context * Impacts people’s cognition, motivation and†¦show more content†¦one would play with an outgoing child more than an inhibited one pushes inhibited child towards shyness * E.g. observational learning Traits * Emerge from temperaments and influenced by experiences * Guides thoughts and actions under various conditions * Relatively stable * BIG 5 Traits * Openness to experience, Conscientious, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism * Has validity across cultures (but most of these studies utilized university students as respondents who are more influenced by European-American views * Quite accurate * Labels a person but gives no explanation on why Evaluation of Trait Theories X Portrayed personality as fixed and static rather than a process that can undergo development changes depending on experiences X oversimplified our complex nature X Do not tell muchShow MoreRelatedPsychology and Impact Personality Development2008 Words   |  9 PagesDefine personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality * IsRead MoreInterview With The Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked interview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: KathleenRead MoreFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagescoping mechanism (Jones Butman, 2012) Freud’s model of personality posits that: 1. There are three levels of consciousness: the conscious experiences, the preconscious experiences, and unconscious experiences, however, all behavior is determined by unconscious experiences. 2. Human Behavior is determined by past unresolved events from childhood. 3. Human behavior is determined by the interaction of sexual and aggressive drives. 4. Personality is structured in terms the id, ego and superego. The idRead MoreThe Psychology : Skinner And The Events That Fits With Skinner s Development Process1637 Words   |  7 Pagessurroundings, and the events tragic or otherwise influence a person’s development throughout their life span. These developments can affect a person’s personality and the way that they may behave. This paper will take a look at all of these aspects and how exactly they play a role in a person’s development. This paper will focus on the psychologist B.F. Skinner and the events that he went through during his life and how is affected his personality and behaviors. This paper will also take a look at Freud’sRead MorePsychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Mind And Behavior986 Words   |  4 PagesA Look into Psychology Psychology is known to be the scientific study of the human’s mind and behavior. Psychology is not the study of extraordinary mind activity like paranormal, extrasensory perception (ESP), astrology, nor phrenology. Psychology is theoretically constructed and uses a standard scientific process to discover evidences of that human’s behavior. Psychology also allows an individual to give special assistance to a specific group of children who could have a difficult time in schoolRead MoreThe Relationship Between Essentialist And Contextualist Standpoints On Personality Continuity866 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality tends to refer to a unique, systemic amalgamation of characteristics and traits that define an individual (Mayer, 2007). However, contesting views on the specifics of this definition inform varied perspectives on the malleability or permanence of personality throughout life; while Mayer (2007) has further described personality as a ‘developing systemâ€⠄¢, others, such as Pervin, Cervone, John (2005), state that it must prescribe ‘consistent patterns’ in cognition and behaviour. The resultantRead MoreThe Orientation Of Individual And Adlerian Psychology889 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Society for Individual Psychology. Individual psychology is more concerned with the whole person who has social, purposeful, and developmental determinants (p. 171). In this paper, I will introduce the theorical orientation of individual or Adlerian psychology. This paper will discuss how individual psychology understands human development, the role of cultural factors, the etiology of pathological symptoms/problem areas, and the role of treatment. Human Development According to Frager andRead MoreSocial Psychology And Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory1338 Words   |  6 Pagesintended as a review of how personalities effect our actual behaviors and how those behaviors are molded into an individualistic personality. The best definition of personality I found is â€Å"Personality is can be described in terms of personality traits: characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving† (Soto Tacket, 2015). For purposes of this paper, I chose to incorporate Horney’s Social and Cultural Psychoanalyses, Erik Erikson’s Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology and Albert Bandura’s SocialRead MoreDefinition of Psychology1625 Words   |  7 PagesWhen asked to define psychology there so many thoughts that runs through my mind. Psychology is the scientific study of ones thoughts and behavior. People think psychologically every day for example when you try to explain what someone else is doing to another person. There are many fields of study that try to understand how people think and the actions they take. Psychology is used for many different reasons not only do they study the human behavior they also help mental patients and try to figureRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. Personality

Film Review The Novel Film - 1510 Words

One of the most difficult processes in film is adaptation. The process of creating a screenplay that can be acted and then shot while still capturing the spirit of the work is a staggering task. This is especially difficult from book to film. Literature is able to give the readers insights into characters that would not translate well the film. Along with those issues we also have the problem of physical representation. Authors, like in this film, often are not extremely detailed in the description of characters leaving some things for the imagination of the reader. Because of all these issues novels very rarely translate exactly how to book was written. Compromises must be made by the director to determine what he or she believes the novel was trying to portray. Last Exit to Brooklyn does an impressive job adapting the novel into film yet, even with the writer as a part of the creation process, the film does compromise which changes the experience from reading the novel to watching the film. Assuming the author and director were attempting to present the same characters I will be using the character Harry Black to find correlations and discrepancies between the film and novel. It is my belief that the film and the novel portrayed a similar yet, differentiable character than the novel. Harry Black is privately gay man living, with a family, in the slums of 1950’s Brooklyn. The 1950s, even in non-impoverished areas, was a time where people strictly conformed to social normsShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Gone Girl909 Words   |  4 Pageshave become increasingly popular. It is now the norm for film trailers to advertise, â€Å"based on the best-selling novel.† This tends to cause some problems with fans of the book being portrayed. Some fans might not like the portrayal of the characters or how the movie doesn’t capture the same essence as the novel. But in some cases, people who have read the book enjoy the film more. In 2012, Gone Girl was published, and 2 years later the film was released into theaters. Movie reviewers from aroundRead MoreComparing Hoot Film and Novel1661 Words   |  7 PagesHoot Among many books that were written and later made into films, the relation between the two can be vastly different, or practically identical. Though there are many similarities between the novel Hoot written by Carl Hiaasen, and the film directed by Wil Shriner, there are some differences as well. As a young man, Roy Eberhardt was a strange individual. Hoot, both the film and the novel, are based on a boy’s new life in Coconut Cove, Florida. As most would expect, starting a new life in a placeRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings directed by Peter Jackson Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art and the Business of My Inspirational Film A cultural product that inspires me is the film trilogy The Lord of the Rings, which was directed by Peter Jackson. This movie gave me inspiration because of how beautiful and well put together the film was. It made me want to be involved with the process of how great films are made. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Jackson knew he wanted to bring the movie to the big screen, and was curious to why nobody decided to do so.† He wanted to take advantage ofRead MoreThe Shining And Misery : What Makes A Film Adaptation Great?1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Shining and Misery: What makes a film adaptation great? In the film culture, horror is one of the most solid and prominent genres. The film adaptations of the famed Stephen King’s novels; The Shining and Misery had become cult classics. Released ten years apart from each other in 1980 and 1990, both were commercially successful with the revenues of 44.4 million and 61.3 million US dollars. The two works share similar characters and settings, though the premise of each are hugely differentRead More A Clockwork Orange, by Stanley Kubrick Essay example1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Clockwork Orange is a Stanley Kubrick film from 1971. Kubrick directed the film and wrote the screen play based on the 1962 novel from author Anthony Burgess. A Clockwork Orange was originally rated, â€Å"X† and nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Film Editing and Best Screenplay, but lost in each category to William Friedkins The French Connection (filmsite.org). The set design is by John Barry, costume design by Milena Canonero, music by Wendy Carlos and cinematography by John AlcottRead MoreFilm Analysis: The Minority Report Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages The Minority Report is a film that tries to stop crimes before they happen, with the enlistment of 3 teen pre-cogs. These pre-cogs predict future murders and the authorities swoop in and arrest the would-be murders, before they have the chance of committing the crime. Even thing goes great until Anderton, a cop played by Tom Cruise, is suspected. Written by Philip K. Dick and then turned to film by Steven Spielberg in 2002, the short story to film became a success. Though there are many differencesRead MoreFilm Review : The Movie The Film 846 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are films released that are labeled â€Å"ahead of their time.† Sometimes, these films are recognized as soon as they are released and praised. Other times, the films receive backlash until years later when they are recognized. Fight Club falls into the latter category. When it was first released in theaters, critics responded negativity to the film, especially its intense violence. Today, the film is a cult classic and one of the most quotable movies of all time. Despite the negative reviews, the filmRead MoreBlade Runner Film Analysis800 Words   |  4 PagesBlade Runner: Film Analysis and Critics Review Blade Runner (1982), directed by Ridley Scott, combines the element, film noir and science fiction, thus creating a outstanding visual aesthetic that has been embraced by most critics. Based on Philip K. Dick’s novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968), many critics embraced this sci- fi film, although it leaves out a majority of the novel’s plot and themes while scenes are modified significantly. The plot follows police officer Rick DeckardRead MoreReview of the Film Adaptation of The Butcher Boy Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesReview of the Film Adaptation of The Butcher Boy ‘The butcher boy’ was made into a film adaptation in 1997 by Neill Jordan and author of the original book Patrick McCabe. The Novel was highly praised and controversial. Many saw it as the best account of Irish childhood. Its time frame is reminiscent of the early 1960s. It is about a young boy called Francie Brady who becomes isolated from reality and eventually commit’s the ultimate sin of murder from this isolationRead MoreAnalytical Argument: What Deserves to Belong in The American Bible?1110 Words   |  4 Pageswould like to address to tie together one single idea for the book. Prothero had many novels and books to choose from and I think he did a great job in choosing works of writing that merged with his principles about America. Based on what I have seen is his criterion, I believe that the film 12 Years a Slave directed by Steve McQueen, rightfully belongs in Prothero’s The American Bible: Whose America is this? This film belongs in Prothero’s text because it perfectly fits and follows all the criteria

Criteria For An Effective Extensive Reading Program For...

Literature Review Criteria for an Effective Extensive Reading Program for English Learners Wesley Pulido California State University, San Bernardino Criteria for an Effective Extensive Reading Program for English Learners Introduction The term second-language acquisition (SLA) has multiple meanings. Generally, it describes learning a second language. It specifically names the theory of the manner in which second-language learners learn a second language. As Dà ­az-Rico (2013) has stated, second-language acquisition is â€Å"learning any language (whether third or twentieth) in school or in some other way after the first language† (p.6). Second-language acquisition can be compared to second- language learning. The latter of the†¦show more content†¦Alan Maley stated, Given the limited hours of instruction in most programs, students will never be exposed to enough vocabulary, enough times, to acquire the necessary quantum in classrooms alone. Out of class learning is the only way, and one of the most convenient and proven ways of doing so is through massive independent reading, entailing repeated encounters with vocabulary in context. (Maley, 2012, p. 308). Maley confirmed the important role of reading both inside and out of class in order to expose English Learners to as much vocabulary as possible through the use of literary texts. What Is Extensive Reading? Extensive Reading is a method to improve the reading ability of readers. When second-language learners read extensively, they independently use easy-readers to build their fluency rate. Moreover, readers learn to read by reading instead of through the direct instruction of the reading components such as comprehension, grammar and vocabulary. According to Carrell and Carson (1997), Extensive Reading has two characteristics. First, learners read numerous amounts of varied reading material. Second, the reading focuses on the meaning of the text as opposed to the language. It is important to distinguish the difference between Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading to fully understand the Extensive Reading approach. Intensive Reading is an approach that requires examination of a short passage. The instruction is focused on breaking down the textShow MoreRelatedInclusive Classrooms For Students With Disabilities875 Words   |  4 PagesInclusive classrooms attempt to recognize and respond to the numerous sorts of differences that children take to the classroom. In conventional classrooms, these distinctions may prompt children being demoted to varied reading or math groups, or being distinguished as learning disabled or gifted. In the current educational atmosphere, educators need support as they attempt to meet all children s individual needs while as yet keeping up elevated expectations and an interconne cted classroom groupRead MoreThe Effects Of Extensive Reading On Reading2753 Words   |  12 Pagesdesigned to discuss the effects of the extensive reading approach compared with the intensive reading approach for language learners’ reading and give some considerations for implementing the extensive reading in EFL classroom. There is definite limitations that the current intensive reading approach cannot guide second language learners to be fluent and pleasant readers. Many studies and research prove the positive effects of extensive reading on reading speed, reading fluency, vocabulary development andRead More2010 Secondary Education Curriculum in English6955 Words   |  28 PagesRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education Bureau of Secondary Education Curriculum Development Division Pasig City March 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii I. II. III. IV. V. Introduction Conceptual Framework in English Concept Matrix Performance Matrix Program and General Standards Three-Stage Curriculum Framework Annexes A. B. The Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the 2002 Secondary Education Curriculum: Findings and Recommendations Guide Questions for the Review of theRead MoreVocabulary Acquisition Through Audio-Video Aids3146 Words   |  13 Pagesvocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension with the help of technology. Furthermore, the variety of media such as text, graphics, audio, and video for delivering content has attracted many instructors and students to use the Internet. These multimedia components get and hold learners interest, which many researchers believe is important when teaching the video generation. First, it starts with a brief overview of the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. It continuesRead MoreNational Assessment Program : Literacy And Numeracy1853 Words   |  8 PagesI. Introduction The National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) is a series of tests administered annually to all Australian students. NAPLAN is divided into separate components for Numeracy and Literacy, including Reading, Writing, Spelling and Grammar. An article published in the Sydney Morning Herald in 2013 reported that students from a language background other than English (LBOTE) were performing better than students from English-speaking backgrounds (non-LBOTE) in both literacyRead MoreDistinguishing Between A Learning Disability And Language Acquisition2085 Words   |  9 PagesAcquisition in English Language Learners One of the biggest errors made in schooling today is placing a student who is an English Language Learner into special education because of errors made in interpreting language acquisition as a learning or language disability. There has been no single method that has proven to be fully effective when distinguishing between English language learning students and students with a learning disability. As a result, students can end up in classrooms or programs that areRead MorePresenting the Rationale for the Field-Study, Its Aims and Scope, the Research Questions, Significance, Methods, and Design of the Field-Study.11884 Words   |  48 Pagesroles of materials appear in almost all books on course design. Materials not only provide learners with a wide range of useful and fascinating information but also can play a part in enhancing learners’ motivation- thus, facilitate their acquisition (Dudley- Evans St John, 1998; Nonaka, 2001). On materials, it can be seen that the textbook is the ‘visible heart’ of any ELT (English Language Teaching) program. Several advantages of using textbook have been suggested by researchers. For example, textbooksRead MoreDirect Method in Foreign Language Teaching5667 Words   |  23 Pagesand the ‘direct method’ came together in the work of Harold E. Palmer (1877–1949) who taught English along Berlitz lines in Belgium from 1902 until the German invasion in 1914. . He was then forced to return to London where he renewed an earlier contact with Daniel Jones (1881–1967) who had since become the head of the Phonetics Department at London University and was about to publish his famous English pronouncing dictionary (1917). The two worked together for nearly seven years (1915–22), duringRead MoreLearning Vocabulary And Impacts Of Reading Essay10232 Words   |  41 Pagesfrom the past researches or opinions about the important of the learnin g vocabulary and impacts of reading and short story in the scope of language learning and teaching and also the relation between reading, short story and vocabulary learning. Theattention of this section especially is on reviewing of the impacts of the reading story on English, especially, vocabulary learning of the EFL learners. For the first part of this chapter, it’s better to start with the definition of vocabulary. 2.2 TheRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressed

Ten Best Cds Of 1992 free essay sample

1) Sand in the Vaseline Talking Heads: This is a compilation of their greatest hits combined on a set of two CDs. Mr. Jones and Lifetime Piling Up are two of my favorite songs on this album. 2) Its a Shame About Ray Lemonheads: I thought this was a really enjoyable CD to listen to. I think the Lemonheads are a really great band; they show a lot of diversity. Confetti is a great song. 3) Singles Soundtrack: I think this is one of the most powerful soundtracks ever made because of the many wonderful artists on it. Seasons by Chris Connelly and I Nearly Lost You by The Screaming Trees are just two of the many great songs. 4) Rites of Passage Indigo Girls: I really liked this CD the best of their others because songs like Galileo and Joking have great lyrics and are fun to listen to. 5) Pocket Full of Kryptonite Spin Doctors: Two Princes is one of my high schools favorite songs. We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Best Cds Of 1992 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Little Miss Cant Be Wrong is a great tune. 6) Southern Comfort Black Crowes: I liked this CD a lot because the Black Crowes add a lot of charm and a little country background to their music. Remedy is a perfect example. 7) Woodface Crowded House: I love Its Only Natural and Weather With You because they show that simplicity is the key to life. 8) This Time in Eden 10,000 Maniacs: I liked this CD but not as much as In My Tribe. This album reminisces about the past like in These are Days and Few and Far Between. 9) Us Peter Gabriel: This is an album of Gabriels past experience which deals with issues like divorce and psychotherapy. Digging in the Dirt deals with from when he was a child until he is an adult recounting his recent divorce. 10) Your Arsenal- Morrissey: I love Morrissey and how he writes his music. I enjoyed Bona Drag which was one of his past albums. Your Arsenal is just as good but in this album Morrissey seems to put on a tougher attitude. n

Business Communication Skills Integrated Business Skills

Question: Disucss about the Business Communication Skills for Integrated Business Skills. Answer: Communication Skills Counseling is defined as a process that aims at aiding individuals to make healthier choices. Thus, it enlightens people in making beneficial decisions in their lives. Counseling as an essential aspect of man's life especially in promoting better choices demand excellent communication skills. Effective counseling is carried out as a communication process, and counselors who are proficient in communication skills are probable to make a lasting impact (Nelson-Jones, 2015). Communication as a process of receiving and sending messages either verbally or non-verbally affects the entire counseling process. Therefore, for a counselor to develop effective communication skills is a necessity. It entails adequate training as well as experience that offer an opportunity to practice and receive feedback from colleagues. A counselor should integrate communication skills in every step of the counseling process with the aim of achieving a positive outcome (Freshwater, 2003). The research objective entails illustrating how communication skills are integrated at each stage of the counseling process. Moreover, the study will identify and discuss the communication barriers that may hinder effective counseling process as well as the appropriate strategies to address them. Integration of Communication Skills with Each Stage of the Counseling Process Counseling is a process which employs distinct stages to attain its objective. Though these steps don't match each session, they apply to the whole counseling plan. Every counselor is encouraged to integrate communication skills within these six stages which take place consequently (Duys Hedstrom, 2000). The six steps include; Relationship/Rapport Building Stage This is the first stage of the counseling process where the counselor and the client make the first contact. It is the responsibility of the counselor to establish trust and confidentiality with the client at this stage. If the counselor fails to win client's trust, he/she will not participate in the counseling process in an effective way. Hence, to ensure a solid rapport is built a counselor must apply the necessary communication skills effectively. The use of active listening skills is vital in this stage to comprehend the client and their narrative. Prior to suggesting any intervention, the counselor must illustrate to the client that he/she understand their situation. Moreover, a counselor must be keen on his or her speed of building the rapport. Considering the client's personality, culture, and background it is likely to take longer to build trust with some clients. However, to evaluate client's trust level, the counselor must pay attention to the client's body language and wha t the client is sharing. It is important for a counselor to be aware that counseling relationship is essential than interventions to be used (Hargie, 2007). Reassurance Stage This is the second stage of counseling of the counseling process in which the counselor is obliged to provide accurate information to the client with the aim of minimizing the feeling of insecurity. Burnard (2005) explains that at this stage a counselor should explain to the client that he/she is bound by the code ethics and practice and that he/she will never force own beliefs or values to the client. Additionally, the counselor assures the client that counseling process is a confidential and non-judgmental process. The success of this stage depends on the counselor's tone of voice and the greetings they exchange with the client. Allowing client sufficient time to relax, respond, and talk freely aids the client in reducing anxiety and insecurity. Stabilizing the Client Stabilizing a client constitute the third stage of the counseling process. At this stage, the counselor aids the client to understand his/her reaction to the crisis. Furthermore, the counselor should identify any sign of severe distress and refer the client to a specialist if needed. A client at this stage is equipped with the necessary emotional and cognitive skills to face his/her crisis. The effectiveness of this stage depends on with how the counselor attends to the client. Attending in this sense refers to the ability of the counselor to connect with both physical and psychological aspects of the client. Hence, to ensure this connection counselor should squarely face his or her client. That is, the counselor should adopt a body posture that demonstrates involvement with the client. Sometimes to illustrate involvement and interest with the client it is advisable to lean toward the client (Gallois Callan, 2007). Addressing Client's Needs and Concerns This is the fourth stage of the counseling process and involves collecting accurate information from the client. The counselor also seeks to clarify the client's concerns and worries. To encourage the client to give more information, the counselor should ask open-ended questions. To seek clarity, the counselor is encouraged to paraphrase the client's statement. After gathering sufficient and accurate information as well as clarifying client's concerns both the counselor and the client should devise a possible remedy to the problems. In addition, the counselor should offer practical assistance to meet the client's needs. The communication skills needed in this stage include keeping eye contact. Moderate eye contact communicates to the client that the counselor is interested in what he/she is saying. However, the counselor must be cognizant that eye contact is not acceptable in all cultures. In addition, the counselor must remain natural or unperturbed with the client. Any indication of being nervous or of distracted facial expression will make client wonder. A counselor, therefore, should use his/her body expressions to make the client feel at ease. Listening is another critical skill at this stage. A counselor should have the ability to understand client's message communicated either verbally or non-verbally. Therefore, a counselor must learn how to listen and interpret non-vocal messages such as gestures and body postures. Active listening facilitates in offering practical, sincere, and appropriate remedy (Derlaga Berg, 2013). Providing Support to the Client This is the fifth stage of the counseling process and engages valuable skills such as; helping the client to re-establish social networks and encouraging the client to search for external support when in crisis. To make this stage beneficial in the counseling process, a counselor must probe the client. The probe in counseling context is sensitive and therefore involves paraphrases, requests, and non-vocal prompts. It is important that a counselor doesn't ask too many questions. Facilitating Client's Coping This is the final stage of the counseling process and involves making sure a client is aware of the positive coping process. Also, the counselor must ensure the client can identify negative coping skills. Moreover, at this stage client is equipped with the expertise to manage the future crisis to live a healthier life with better choices. Since different clients have varying levels of understanding and education background patience and respect are vital virtues to uphold as a counselor (Brown Bylund, 2008). Identification of the Communication Barriers That Hinders Effective Counseling Process and the Appropriate Strategies to Address Them There are a variety of reasons why communication may fail in the counseling process. Therefore, a counselor must be aware of the possible barriers to communication in the helping process and implement strategies to overcome them. Primarily effective communication is the ability to overcome these obstacles and drive a clear and concise communication (Sue, 2007). The main communication barriers that hinder effective counseling process include; Judging Criticizing entails forcing beliefs and values to the other person and offering remedies to their crisis. Judging, therefore, hinders active listening because a counselor becomes preoccupied with evaluating client's narration, and words used as well as the tone of the voice, and appearance. To overcome this barrier, a counselor must treat each client with due respect, whatever their marital status, sex orientation, age, gender or cultural background. In addition, a counselor must be aware of his/her role in the counseling process. A counselor aids a client to realize his/her potentials in dealing with the present crisis (McLeod, 2011). Sending Solutions Readiness to offer a solution to the client contributes to interrupting client when he/she is narrating his/her story. Thus, contribute to a poor understanding of client's emotions. Further, it contributes to client becoming dependent on the counselor to solve their crisis hence deny them a chance to apply decision-making skills. This form of communication also sends a message that client's values, emotions, and tribulations are not worthy. To address this problem, a counselor must practice active listening and always remember he/she has two ears but only one mouth. Therefore, should listen twice as much as he/ she speak. A counselor must be aware that he/she is not a custodian of solutions, but a midwife to aid clients to get solutions to their problems (Mearns, Thorne McLeod, 2013). Avoiding Client's Concerns It happens when the counselor fails to deal with the client problem. The sentiments and worries of the client are not considered. In this case, the counselor fails to address the concerns and fears of the client and instead offer a logical argument to the crisis. To address this problem, a counselor must learn to emphasize with a client. That is, entering into the client's shoes and deliberately deciding to view things from the client's point of view (Dickson, 2009). In conclusion, communication skills are essential in effective counseling. Therefore, more effort should be engaged to integrate in a spontaneously manner the communication skills in the helping process. Effective counselors and simultaneously actively listen, attend, probe, and aids the client to address their crisis. As a counselor, it is worth noting that the choice of the communication skills to be applied depends on the client, his/her needs, and the situation. After all, the success of the counseling process is dependent on the communication skills and techniques of the counselor. References Brown, R. F., Bylund, C. L. (2008). Communication skills training: describing a new Conceptual model. Academic Medicine, 83(1), 37-44. Burnard, P. (2005). Counselling skills for health professionals. Nelson Thornes. Derlaga, V. J., Berg, J. H. (Eds.). (2013). Self-disclosure: Theory, research, and therapy. Springer Science Business Media. Dickson, D. (2009). Barriers to Communication. In Interaction for Practice in Community Nursing (pp. 84-132). Macmillan Education U.K. Duys, D. K., Hedstrom, S. M. (2000). Basic counselor skills training and counselor cognitive complexity. Counselor Education and Supervision, 40(1), 8. Freshwater, D. (2003). Counselling skills for nurses, midwives and health visitors. McGraw-Hill Education (U.K). Gallois, C., Callan, V. J. (2007). Communication and culture: A guide for practice. John Wiley Sons Inc. Hargie, O. D. (2007). Training in communication skills: research, theory and practice. The Handbook of communication skills, 473. McLeod, J. (2011). Counseling skills: A practical guide for counselors and helping professionals. McGraw-Hill Education (U.K). Mearns, D., Thorne, B., McLeod, J. (2013). Person-centred counseling in action. Sage. Nelson-Jones, R. (2015). Basic counseling skills: a helper's manual. Sage. Sue, D. (2007). Barriers to effective cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24(5), 420.