The Motherhood Penalty A Review Of Literature - 1406 Words

The motherhood penalty: A review of literature For over 150 years, women have been fighting back against patriarchy for the rights to our own bodies, careers and lives in general. The women’s movement has a accomplished great strides for humankind; however, women remain bound and suffocated by constructions patriarchy in both the private and public spheres. For many women, private and public spheres intersect and create a tension constructed by society that suggests that women must choose between family or career. Whichever choice a woman makes, she will likely be scrutinized, criticized and objectified for her decision. If a woman chooses to pursue her career, she risks being labeled as frigid and selfish. If a woman becomes a mother, she must devote her entire existence to raising her children, which existing literature refers to as ‘mothering,’ a verb, something that is done. Women in politics frequently experience this phenomenon commonly known as the motherhood trap, which can affect many different perspectives and identities. The motherhood trap will be explored in depth in the following review of literature. The motherhood trap unveils the deep, dark secrets of capitalism, in the way it relies so heavily on unpaid labor, often from women, in order to sustain itself. Women provide this unpaid labor at the cost of careers, and overall earning power. For example, if a woman exits the workforce for maternity leave, her wages will never bounce back from thisShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : The United States Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesChassidy Barnhardt Professor Redmond SOC 320 Section 1 September 29, 2016 Literature Review Literature Review The United States has quite a storied history in terms of discrimination towards women in the workplace. Such discrimination only increases when the events of childbirth are taken into account. When women give birth, they often opt to stay lengthy amounts of time with the members of the family as opposed to remaining in the workplace for the duration of their maternity leave. Thus, thereRead MoreEffects Of Gender Discrimination On The Workplace1229 Words   |  5 Pages Review of Literature The 1960s, is most commonly known for the concept of â€Å"free love† and the anti-war movement, but this era also gave rise to another feminist movement and women flocked to the workforce en masse. Over half a century has passed and there is no argument that this country, our country has made great strides in the area of gender equality in and out of the workplace. With that being said things are still not equal. Women still on average make less than men for the same jobs. EvenRead MoreWomen s Role For A Management Job2171 Words   |  9 Pageshave two jobs as opposed to one, in my opinion the option of opting out of maternity leave creates a problem as the issue arises when mothers take maternity leave and have to indirectly pay the price as discussed in the above paragraph, Much of the literature supports this working mother’s claim that maternity leave and the subsequent return to work decreases future advancement opportunities. Belkin (2003), taking maternity leav e is indeed the beginning of a career break or slow for mothers in paid occupationsRead MoreThe Standard Economic Theory ( Robbins )3306 Words   |  14 Pagesdata from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLSYW) of 2,133 women who have been surveyed from 1968 to 1988. Waldfogel finds that even when controlling for actual experience and education level, â€Å"the penalty associated with having one child is over 5 percent, and the penalty for two or more children is over 13 percent† (p. 212). This gap flies in the face of the typically cited human capital theory (Waldfogel 1997). Waldfogel then proceeds to evaluate the alternative hypotheses ofRead MoreLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1344 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This Literature Review gives a deep insight of some of the available literature related to teen pregnancy, neighborhood effects on poverty, and socio-economic effects of teen pregnancies. Teen pregnancy has become a significant issue in society. A large number of teen pregnancy and school dropouts have been recorded in the past and get associated with poverty. To understand teen pregnancy and its association with poverty; this literature review is going to examine some of the academicRead MoreGender Inequality Across All Professions1799 Words   |  8 Pagesin unequal pay, the second, which encompasses systemic problems of discrimination and gender â€Å"pay penalties,† contribute quite significantly to inequality in the workplace and to pay gaps in particular. This review of literature will help us to explore and further understand why gender inequality towards women in America still exists. Meritocracy and Structure in Gender Inequality Literature Review Gender inequality is broadly understood to be the unequal distribution of economic resources betweenRead MoreThe Differing Wage Levels And Income Inequality Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct a study using regression analysis of cross sectional data to examine various different factors that affect wages considering education, marital and family status, gender, a number of control variables and how they are all connected. Review of Literature Education It is commonly accepted in theory and in empirical results, that in general, a higher level of education will yield a higher wage (Acemoglu and Autor 2011). In recent years there are studies to suggest that the importance of educationRead MoreThe Challenges Of Being a University Student and a Mom Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesidentities that are supported by a traditional college setting (Arnett, Ramos Jensen, 2001; Arnett, 2000) but instead already have an adult identity as a mother (Wilsey, 2013) with a different set of needs and because of the familial responsibility motherhood brings with it these women are no longer â€Å"traditional† students (Cross, 1981; Bean Metzer, 1985, 1987; Hazzard, 1993; Nora, Kraemer, Itzen, 1997; Sundberg, 1997). Further, existing research on postsecondary education indicates that, for manyRead MoreMeritocracy And Structure Of Gender Inequality1773 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined as meritocratic versus structural – shows that althoug h the first may play a role in unequal pay, the second, which encompasses systemic problems of discrimination and gender â€Å"pay penalties,† contribute quite significantly to inequality in the workplace and to pay gaps in particular. Literature Review Gender inequality is broadly understood to be the unequal distribution of economic resources between men and women. It is a nearly universal problem that women suffer from lower access toRead MoreGender Inequality1369 Words   |  6 Pagesjob position. Moreover, it may affect them at the workplace, like with their salary wages or any chance of growth in their career. For this research I gathered and compared other research studies that revolve around this research question. LITERATURE REVIEW Studies similar to this topic have showed that there are staggering discrepancies in income in the United States. Single mothers’ income was 21% lower that of single fathers in 2010. Moreover, studies have shown that single mothers are more likely

The Problem of Poverty - 1118 Words

In the world there are at least one billion children that are living in poverty. There is at least three billion people in the world that live on less than $2.50. (Shah, 2013) Poverty can be seen everywhere around the world. Carl and Belanger (2012) states that poverty happens when the distribution of wealth is not equally divided between all groups of people. Poverty in Canada is defined as poor quality of food, sleeping in poor quality housing, parks, or city streets, and on a daily basis it is difficult to make decisions on what is best for you and your family. Living in poverty will decrease your life span and health, and could lead to criminal offenses just to stay alive. Aboriginal people, immigrants from other countries, people†¦show more content†¦Being in a capitalist system means that people who own businesses control the economic system. (Carl/Belanger, 2012) Also according to Karl Marx, if wealth is not distributed evenly in society, the working class will never get out of poverty or get ahead in life. (Carl/ Belanger, 2012) Karl Marx also states that the reason why people are in poverty is because they don’t know their place in society. This is known as false consciousness. The rich people know their place in society, which is known as class consciousness. Poverty is not only based on not being paid for the work you are doing, but it can also be based on your race. Discrimination can also lead to poverty because some jobs will not give you a job based on your nationality. W.E.B. Du Bois was a sociologist and conflict theorist that agreed with some of the work of Karl Marx. He studied race in America and found that, â€Å"†¦Poverty among African Americans in the United States is the result of prejudice and discrimination.† (Carl/Belanger, 2012, pg. 15) Du Bois also believed that slavery and capitalism led to African American problems. In Canada, African Americans are immigrants from a different country, which makes them more vulnerable for being in poverty according to Du Bois and the groups more susceptible to poverty. These two conflict theorists views on poverty show that people are in poverty because of the unequal distribution of wealth and power, and that people from other races are looked downShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1398 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty has been one problem that all societies have had to deal with in some form or another. Poverty is a complex issue that has many different aspects that affect the people involved. The complexity of it is why it has been a difficult problem for people to solve. The negative stigma associated with poverty is one of the most difficult aspects to change. With enough education and knowledge, poverty will one day be a problem of the past. Many people have different opinions on what poverty meansRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty And Poverty1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem: Looking at the myriad of problems our country faces, Poverty ranks as one of the largest; affecting nearly 14.5 percent of our national population and over 21% of the population in Norman. The existing communication found in poverty relief work is failing. With poverty happening all over the world communication gaps within service slow down and weaken the success and sustainability of the relief process. There is little to no collaboration taking place between the millions of organizationsRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic that I chose to write on is poverty. Poverty has been a problem in our country for a long time. Approximately 47 million of people that lived in the United States of America in the year of 2014 have been living in poverty. This basically means that the poverty rate for the year 2014 was approximately 15 percentage. Furthermore, the year 2014 poverty rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than in the year of 2007, the year be fore the 2008 recession. This is the amazingly fourth consecutiveRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1462 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Poverty is hunger. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom† (World Bank, 2009). People all over the world, from different backgrounds, races, ages, and genders experience the horrible conditions of poverty. Living day by day on little to nothing, food insecurity, and having almost no one to be their voice to strike change is just the minimum of what the impoverished experience. This issue continuesRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1257 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty does not have one clear definition. It is a complicated, multi-faceted concept. It is a common social issue that has troubled nations for thousands of years. Poverty is the condition of having an insufficient amount of resources or income. Poverty has haunted the social life of Brazil for a number of years. With a booming economy, Brazil has managed to skip over poverty, for now. However, how long can they hold this issue off ? The problem does not lie in their efforts but the way they haveRead MorePoverty Is The Problem Of Poverty1159 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty is the issue that many countries are facing and try to figure out a method for managing poverty in order to ensure the wellbeing of their citizens, Developed countries like Australia is also confronting a destitution issue in their citizen. Poverty can be characterized from various perspectives, which depend on each country’s standard. Here, poverty can be defined as an economic condition of lacking both money and basic necessities needed to successful in life, particularly for those whoRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty Essay1958 Words   |  8 Pagesdecades, poverty has been exists to be one of the biggest problem of mankind. It profoundly influences every aspect of a person’s life, limits their chance accessing to the minimum needs such as, food, drink, and shelter. According to Investopedia, poverty is defined as †Å"a lack of something or when the quality of something is extremely low†. (Poverty Definition, n.d.) Vietnam, a South East Asia country which has recently integrated the world economic also has to deal with this problem This reportRead MorePoverty As A Social Problem1739 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty as a Social Problem Magdalena Brania Mrs. Kropf May 27, 2015 Poverty is inscribed in the history of the world, but it is not inherent fate of every human being. It is also not related to the human nature, which does not mean that it can not be due to its nature. All communities experience it, with a greater or lesser extent way causing psychological and sociological conflicts. Society who have to deal with poverty is not only from undeveloped countries, but also developedRead MorePoverty As A Social Problem796 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty Name: Institutional affiliation: â€Æ' Introduction Author Browning Cagney (2003), defines poverty as a state of inadequate resources and low living standards that cannot cater to basic human requirements. Poverty thus means lack of basic needs such as food, clothing, health institutes, and shelter. For most countries around the world, poverty is a prevalent social issue. It usually leads to multiple social ills like parental and domestic abuse, drug abuse, diseases, and corruption among manyRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Poverty1173 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays, one of the most important associated topic in people’s live is poverty. The definition of poverty is a social condition where individuals do not have financial means to meet the most fundamental standards of the life is a acceptable by the community. Individuals experiencing poverty do not have the means to pay for basic needs of daily life like food, clothes and shelter. According to Lansley, (365) â€Å"Poverty is humiliation, the sense of being dependent on them , and of being forced to accept

Pied Beauty Free Essays

The poem opens with an offering: â€Å"Glory be to God for dappled things. † In the next five lines, Hopkins elaborates with examples of what things he means to include under this rubric of â€Å"dappled. † He includes the mottled white and blue colors of the sky, the â€Å"brinded† (brindled or streaked) hide of a cow, and the patches of contrasting color on a trout. We will write a custom essay sample on Pied Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chestnuts offer a slightly more complex image: When they fall they open to reveal the meaty interior normally concealed by the hard shell; they are compared to the coals in a fire, black on the outside and glowing within. The wings of finches are multicolored, as is a patchwork of farmland in which sections look different according to whether they are planted and green, fallow, or freshly plowed. The final example is of the â€Å"trades† and activities of man, with their rich diversity of materials and equipment. Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings; And here come two more hyphenated words, along with two more examples of â€Å"dappled things. † The first example is â€Å"Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls. † This is probably the trickiest image in the poem, partly because we’re not nearly as familiar with chestnuts as 19th-century English people would have been. Chestnut-falls† is not too hard to imagine. It refers to chestnuts that have fallen off the chestnut tree. This hyphenated word points to the specific chestnuts that have fallen from the tree. But â€Å"Fresh-firecoal† requires some background on nuts, a field we at Shmoop like to call nut-o logy. When they are on a tree, chestnuts are covered by a spiky, light-green covering, but the nuts themselves are reddish-brown. When the nuts fall, they are â€Å"fresh† from the tree. Because of the contrast of red nuts with their outer covering, they look like the burning of coals inside a fire. To add another layer to this chestnut conundrum, people also like to cook these delectable nuts over fire. When the nuts get hot, they open up to reveal their â€Å"meat,† inside. These opened chestnuts also look like embers. We’re almost certain you now know more than you ever wanted to about chestnuts. Fortunately, the second example of a â€Å"dappled thing† in this line is much easier. Finches are small birds with streaks and spots. The speaker focuses only on the finches’ wings – a sign of his great attention to detail. How to cite Pied Beauty, Papers

Strategic Management of Apple Inc-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strategic management of global technological Organization Apple Inc. Answer: Introduction Strategic management is of paramount importance for an organization because when strategies are well-formulated by an organization, it can benefit the organization in several ways. The strategies formulated by an organization should be aligned with the components of the mission and long term vision statement of the organization (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The future can be taken into account and strategies are formulated after analyzing the micro and macro environment of the organization. A proactive approach is adopted by the organization while formulating strategies which enables a business organization to leverage the opportunities of the external environment by utilizing its inner strength or core competence and to mitigate the threats of macro environment by focusing on strengths and minimizing the weakness of the organization (Griffin, 2013).The purpose of the report is to analyze the current strategies of the Apple Incorporation by analyzing its value chain activities and its long term vision statement. The problem or issue that is addressed is that few strategies of Apple Inc are not suitable. The scope of the report is to analyze the Porters Value Chain Activities of Apple Inc, Porters Generic strategy, future strategies are suggested and implementation of the future strategies for Apple Incorporation is analyzed. Recommendations are provided to address issues of strategies of Apple Incorporation (Eden Ackermann, 2013). Discussions Background Information of Apple Inc Apple Incorporation is an American Multinational Technological Company which is headquartered in California, Silicon Valley. iMac, iPod and iPhone are the main products of Apple Incorporation( Anzures Sabatelli, 2014). The organization was founded in the year 1976 and since then the organization has focused on innovation and creativity. The first personal computer was produced by Apple Inc and Apple Inc has shifted its focus from manufacturing computers to manufacturing and selling consumer electronics goods like Apple watches and iphones (Han Park, 2010). The core of the business strategy of Apple Inc is the core competency of the organization to design its own operating system, software and hardware application, the innovative product design of the Company delight customers of the organization year after year. Apple Incorporation has a huge customer base because of the organizations user friendly operating system which attracts customers and they are willing to pay premium price to own products of the Company (Kane, 2014). Identification and Evaluation of Suitability of the organizations Current Strategy Primary activities in the value chain of Apple Incorporation are as follows The Inbound Logistics of Apple Inc Corporation- There are hundreds of suppliers across the globe and used modern technology to manage its Supply Chain activities. Apple sources from countries like United States, Europe, and other countries of Asia and since Tim Cook was elected the CEO of Apple in 2011, he has applied the strategy of incorporating healthy competition among suppliers and number of suppliers has also been reduced. Strategic relationships are developed with suppliers and Economies of scale is achieved due to massive operational activities. The organization can leverage cost advantage by utilizing effective bargaining power with suppliers. Apple Incorporation outsources its manufacturing operations in countries of Asia where human resources are available at cheaper rate and thus this activity adds value to the operations of the Company. Only few models of Mac Computers are manufactured in the United States and Ireland. Apples outbound Logistics The warehousing facilities and distribution of the already manufactured iPhones, iPads and Mac computers are a part of the outbound Logistics of Apple Incorporation. The organization and e-commerce platform is used to sell the products of the Company more than Apple stores as this platform is more cost effective. Immediately after Amazon.com and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. the organization has secured third rank in terms of retail leaders. The outbound logistics of Apple Incorporation in Asia and China does not contribute much to the expense of the Company and thus cost advantage can be achieved by penetrating the Asian market (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Apple Incs marketing and Sales The different sales channel of Apple Incorporation are Apple Online Stores, Apple retail Stores, Direct Sales Force of the organization, Third party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and Value added resellers. The enterprise sales were the prime focus of the organization and after Tim Cook was selected the CEO of the organization, extensive tie-up with Channel Partners enhanced the volume of enterprise sales of Apple Incorporation. For instance, Apple entered into a partnership with Cisco in the year 2015 and networks of Cisco was optimized in iOS based devices of the organization and better business integration was developed between the iPhone and voice and video environments of Cisco via apps. In the year 2015, the budget for advertising of Apple Incorporation reached to USD 1.8 billion and this budget continuously kept on increasing since Tim Cook was appointed the CEO of the organization in the year 2011. Sales through direct distribution channel was 25 percent of the net sales of the Company in the year 2015 and sales through indirect distribution channel contributed to 75 percent of the net sales of the organization in the year 2015(Hittmr, Varmus Lendel , 2014). Service of Apple Inc The customer service delivered by Apple Incorporation is of superior quality during all stages of customer services the pre-purchase stage, the purchase stage and the post purchase stage. There are Apple stores and Apple Centers in major cities across the globe where customers can walk-in and touch and feel the products of the Apple Incorporation so that they can be well assured about the superior quality of the products of the Company. The male and female sales force of the organizations who assist the customers have great product knowledge and are well experienced and tech savvy, so they can demonstrate the features of the products of the Company efficiently to customers. The post-purchase services provided to customers also delight them as customers can easily upgrade to newer versions of iPhone launched every year by making additional payments. The strategy followed by Apple Incorporation is differentiation of products and investing in new product development which satisfies the needs, wants and requirements of a niche customer segment. Apple prices all the products in the premium range and the brand is considered a status symbol and customers are willing to pay premium price to own the products of the organization (Zott Amit, 2013). Support activities of the Value Chain Human Resource management is also a prime supporting activity in the value chain of the Apple Incorporation. Inclusion and diversity are the culture of the organization and Apple Incorporation has hired talented employees across the globe and paid them well and adopted innovative retention strategies to retain the human resource since the times of the founder Steve Jobs. The organization fosters creativity and innovation among its employees. Procurement- The suppliers of Apple provide good working conditions for workers and Apple is also a buyer from its suppliers and thus Apple has excellent relationship with suppliers across the globe. Firm Infrastructure- The organization structure, the culture of the organization, the structure of management all form a part of the organization structure of Apple Incorporation. The organization reengineers its business process and the innovative infrastructure of Apple Incorporation enables the Company to manage the business process efficiently (Bourletidis, 2014). Importance of Porters Value Chain Porters value chain activities are important for analyzing the strategic management of Apple Incorporation because the internal activities of Apple Inc can be analyzed using Porters Value Chain Activities. The primary and support activities of the value chain helps in analyzing which activities add value to the firm and enable it to achieve competitive advantage, the activities which require improvement can be analyzed using Porters Value Chain Model (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). Porters Generic strategies components The Porters generic strategies are used by a business organization to gain competitive advantage. In the cost leadership strategy, costs are eliminated from the activities of the value chain, organizations gain competitive advantage by achieving cost advantage. The sustainability of the organization is assured through lean times because of the low cost strategy of the organization (Teeratansirikool et al., 2013). The differentiation strategy focus on creating differentiated products to target different segments. Variety of products are branded, promoted and priced differently when organizations follow differentiation strategy (Yu et al., 2013). The focused strategy is used by an organization to cater to the needs, requirements and demands of narrow market segment also called niche market segment (Rees Karbing, 2015). Importance of the Porters Generic Strategy The Porters Generic Strategy can be applied to Apple Incorporation to analyze the current strategy for the organization. The current generic strategy that is adopted by Apple Incorporation is focused differentiation strategy. The Apple Incorporation focuses on Research and Development for innovation of the products and developing and upgrading products for existing and emerging markets. Apple Inc uses premium pricing to price the products for niche segments of the market and targets population with high disposable income who are willing to play premium price for products of Apple Inc (Johnson et al., 2013). The current strategies of Apple Incorporation are suitable for the organization. The use of focused differentiation strategy of Porters Generic Strategy is suitable because it helps the organization to develop a premium brand image, the strategy focuses on a niche market and the brand enjoys high Customer Perceived Value (CPV) and has a huge base of loyal customers. The user friendly operating system and the release of better version of product every year, like the launch of iPhone 7 in 2016 and iPhone 8 in 2017 clearly reveals the innovation and creativity adopted by the Company in upgrading features of products. Also premium pricing strategy is suitable for Apple because the highly differentiated products of the Company are only targeted to niche segments of society who are willing to pay premium price to own products of the Company. The current strategy of the organization to outsource manufacturing facilities of products like iphone in low-cost Asian countries to Companies like F oxconn is suitable for Apple Incorporation because it enables the organization to achieve cost advantage in manufacturing The strategies that can be recommended to Apple Inc are as follows Apple Incorporation should focus on developing new products for emerging and existing markets. The extension of product lines will enable the organization to sustain in the market for longer time. For instance, Apple Incorporations new product Apple watch was popular and widely accepted in the market. Similarly Apple Incorporation should develop more products especially technical products to satiate the changing needs of customers. Apple should focus more on horizontal integration Apple should focus on CSR activities. For instance, the firm has an online education store and support for learning through mobiles is provided through iTunes U( for University), however such initiatives should be extended to emerging economies like Brazil, China, India. Apple faces stiff competition from Samsung in emerging markets and CSR initiatives will enhance a good image about the organization in minds of consumers and profitability of the organization will increase indirectly. Evaluation of implementation of strategy The Hubbard Model for implementation of strategies suggests that business organizations should analyze its capabilities like core competency and the environmental factors for implementation of strategies. Also culture, people, systems, structure and leadership of an organization are of paramount importance for the implementation of strategies. The culture and structure of organization should be supportive for implementation of strategy. Employees should be motivated by leaders, budget preparation and utilizing information system are important for implementing strategies (Peppard Ward, 2016). Fig: Hubbard Model Source :( Porter Heppelmann, 2014) Importance of Hubbard Model The Hubbard Model can be applied to Apple Incorporation because the organization already provided innovative products to customers under visionary leadership of Steve Jobs and the organization culture of product differentiation , innovation and creativity should be carried forward in future for strategic implementation. Also current strategy of focused differentiation is achieved by leveraging the manufacturing cost advantage and outsourcing manufacturing facilities in Asian countries (Joo Bettencourt Gomes de Carvalho Simas, Francisco Bertinetti Lengler Jos Dos Santos Antnio, 2013). The organization should take leverage of its strong research and development team and strong balance sheet to bargain with suppliers and achieve cost advantage. This will enable the organization to develop new product line for emerging markets where the infrastructure does not support the products of Apple. Apple Incorporation can also drop the additional features of its products for emerging markets to reduce cost to make these new product lines affordable for the emerging markets (Markides, 2013). There is always excess inventory left with Apple Inc and these inventories should be distributed to the schools in emerging markets to support the cause of education. This will increase the brand awareness and visibility of Apple Incorporation in emerging markets (Porter Heppelmann, 2014). Change management Apple Incorporation manages changes by following its own release cycle, introducing new features slowly and making its operating system user friendly. The organization does not follow competitors and manages changes by clearly communicating the changes to its employees. Performance Measurement The performance of Apple Incorporation can be evaluated using Balance Scorecard Framework. Information should be collected well, business processes should be analyzed to identify waste and bottlenecks, customers perspective should be analyzed and financial performance should be analyzed by Apple Incorporation for evaluating its performance. Fig- Performance of Apple Inc Source: (Peppard Ward, 2016) Key Issues and Recommendation Key issues during strategic management analysis The key issues that are faced by Apple Incorporation are that the organization faces stiff competition from competitors like Samsung in emerging markets because these markets do not have infrastructure to support the devices of Apple, also high price is not affordable for customers in emerging markets. These key issues can be resolved if the brand develops some new product lines for the emerging markets , dropping out some additional features will enable the organization to reduce cost for products of emerging markets. Also, CSR initiatives will increase the brand awareness of the organization in emerging markets. Apple can take leverage of its strong balance sheet and strong bargaining power to achieve cost advantage from suppliers and then utilize this in developing new product lines. Also, extra inventory of Apple can be donated to schools in emerging economy to support education. The key issue of Apple Incorporation of focusing only on vertical integration can be resolved by focu sing on horizontal integration and adding extending the product line of the Company. Apple Incorporation can take leverage of its Research and Development team to focus on Horizontal integration which will enable the organization to sustain competition in the long run in emerging economies. Conclusions It can be concluded that Apple Incorporation has been successful in achieving customer loyalty by maintaining its strong brand image among customers. The organization has focused on innovation and creativity and releases new and upgraded versions of products every year. Apple Incorporation has high market share in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom but the organization should focus on developing new markets in emerging economies like Asian countries which huge opportunities for the organization by adopting horizontal integration, developing new product lines and focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility in developing countries. Reference Lists Anzures, F., Sabatelli, A. F. (2014).U.S. Patent No. D703,695. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Bourletidis, D. (2014). The Strategic Model of Innovation Clusters: Implementation of Blue Ocean Strategy in a Typical Greek Region.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,148, 645-652. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Griffin, R. W. (2013).Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Han, W., Park, Y. (2010). Mapping the relations between technology, product, and service: Case of Apple inc.Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2010 IEEE International Conference on,127-131. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hittmr, Varmus, Lendel. (2014). Proposal of Model for Effective Implementation of Innovation Strategy to Business.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1194-1198. Joo Bettencourt Gomes de Carvalho Simas, M., Francisco Bertinetti Lengler, J., Jos Dos Santos Antnio, N. (2013). Integration of sustainable development in the strategy implementation process: Proposal of a model.Corporate Governance,13(5), 511-526. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D., Regnr, P. (2013).Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson. Kane, Y. (2014).Haunted empire : Apple after Steve Jobs(First ed., YBP Print DDA) Markides, C. C. (2013). Business model innovation: What can the ambidexterity literature teach us?.The Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4), 313-323. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Porter, M. E., Heppelmann, J. E. (2014). How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), 64-88. Rees, S., Karbing, D. (2015). Model-based optimization of peep, a strategy and its implementation.Intensive Care Medicine Experimental,3(Supplement 1), 1-2. Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y., Charoenngam, C. (2013). Competitive strategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(2), 168-184. Yu, W., Jacobs, M. A., Salisbury, W. D., Enns, H. (2013). The effects of supply chain integration on customer satisfaction and financial performance: An organizational learning perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,146(1), 346-358. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2013). The business model: A theoretically anchored robust construct for strategic analysis.Strategic Organization,11(4), 403-411.